Flexibility of the hamstring muscles and the position of the trunk in boys training football

Eliza Smoła; Katarzyna Wódka; Marta A. Bibro; Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska

doi:10.5604/01.3001.0014.9505

Authors

Eliza Smoła University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tarnów, Poland
Katarzyna Wódka University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tarnów, Poland
Marta A. Bibro University of Applied Sciences in Tarnow, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tarnów, Poland
Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska University of Applied Sciences in Tarnow, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tarnów, Poland

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9505

Keywords:

football, shortening of the hamstring muscles, spine, body posture, children

Abstract

Introduction: The objective of the study was to assess the flexibility of the hamstring muscles and their relationship with the position of the spine, shoulder and pelvic girdles in individual planes in boys training football.
Material and methods: The study included 28 boys aged 10-14, training football 3 times a week for at least 2 years. The subjects were divided into two groups: correct bilateral flexibility of the hamstring muscles, bilateral shortening of the hamstring muscles. Body height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. The three-dimensional position of the trunk was examined using the Zebris pointer ultrasound system. The passive straight-leg-raising test was used to assess the flexibility of the hamstring muscles.
Results: 32% of people were diagnosed with the correct length of both hamstring muscles, 57% had shortened muscles in both limbs. Mean values determining the depth of thoracic kyphosis indicated its deepening in each of the groups, however, lower values were recorded in boys with reduced flexibility of the hamstring muscle mass. This group was also characterised by a better balance of the trunk in the sagittal plane. The average depth of lumbar lordosis in both groups was within the normal range. In the frontal plane, in both groups of footballers there was a tendency to lift the left shoulder (more frequent in the group with normal flexibility), the pelvis on the left side and shift the trunk to the right.
Conclusion: Shortening of the hamstring muscles is common in boys who train football, but no evidence of a relationship between the limited flexibility of these muscles and the position of the trunk was found.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Faude O, Rößler R, Junge A. Football injuries in children and adolescent players: Are there clues for prevention? Sports Med. 2013;43(9):819-837. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0061-x. Google Scholar

Żuk B, Sutkowski M, Paśko S, Grudniewski T. Posture correctness of young female soccer players. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):11179. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47619-1. Google Scholar

Ambroży T, Latinek K. Rola treningu gibkości w szkoleniu piłkarzy. Acta Scientifica Academiae Ostroviensis. 2003;(12):53-59. Google Scholar

Ajimsha MS, Shenoy PD, Gampawar N. Role of fascial connectivity in musculoskeletal dysfunctions: A narrative review. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020; 24(4), 423-431. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.07.020. Google Scholar

Johnson J. Korekcja postawy ciała. Wrocław: Edra Urban & Partner; 2018. Google Scholar

Grabara M. Analysis of body posture between young football players and their untrained peers. Human Movement. 2012;13(2):120-126. doi: 10.2478/v10038-012-0012-7. Google Scholar

Lifu X, Sergey PA. Systematic review of the impact of sports on body posture in adolescents. J Med Imaging Health Inform. 2020;10(5):1159-1164. doi: 10.1166/jmihi.2020.3013. Google Scholar

Wodecki P, Guigui P, Hanotel M, Cardinne L, Deburge A. Sagittal alignment of the spine: comparison between soccer players and subjects without sports activities [article in French]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 2002;88(4):328-336. Google Scholar

Anat OF, Ohtsuki F. Line in sportsmen using. Jpn. 1993;70(2-3):91-104. Google Scholar

Read PJ, Oliver JL, De Ste Croix MBA, Myer GD, Lloyd RS. Assessment of injury risk factors in male youth soccer players. Strength Cond J. 2016;8(1):12-21. doi: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000184. Google Scholar

Dompier TP, Powell JW, Barron MJ, Moore MT. Time-loss and non-time-loss injuries in youth football players. J Athl Train. 2007;42(3):395-402. Google Scholar

Chomiak J, Junge A, Petrson L, Dvorak J. Severe injuries in football players: Infuencing factors. Am J Sports Med. 2000;1(5):58. doi: 10.1177%2F28.suppl_5.s-58. Google Scholar

González-Gálvez N, Poyatos MC, Pardo PJM, Vale RG de S, Feito Y. Effects of a pilates school program on hamstrings flexibility of adolescents. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2015;21(4):302-307. doi: 10.1590/1517-869220152104145560. Google Scholar

Liyanage E, Krasilshchikov O, Hashim HA, Jawis NM. Prevalence of hamstring tightness and hamstring flexibility of 9-11 years old children of different obesity and physical activity levels in Malaysia and Sri Lanka. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2020;20(1):338-343. doi: 10.7752/jpes.2020.s1047. Google Scholar

Zebris Medical G, WinSpine 2.3. Operating instructions. Examination of the posture, spine shape and its mobility using a double-sensor indicator; 2009. Google Scholar

Takács M, Ervin R, Ildikó N, Mihály J, Kiss RM, László K. The new processing of the results of examinations made with Zebris WIN-SPINE spine-measuring method and its validation. Biomechanica Hungarica. 2013;6.1. doi: 10.15289/BH.V6I1.146. Google Scholar

Takács M, Orlovits Z, Jáger B, Kiss RM. Comparison of spinal curvature parameters as determined by the ZEBRIS spine examination method and the Cobb method in children with scoliosis. PLoS One. 2018;13(7):e0200245. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200245. Google Scholar

Kowalski IM, Protasiewicz-Fałdowska H, Siwik P, et al. Analysis of the sagittal plane in standing and sitting position in girls with left lumbar idiopathic scoliosis. Polish Ann Med. 2013;20(1):30-34. doi: 10.1016/j.poamed.2013.07.001. Google Scholar

Neto T, Jacobsohn L, Carita AI, Oliveira R. Reliability of the Active-Knee-Extension and Straight-Leg-Raise Tests in subjects with flexibility deficits. J Sport Rehabil. 2015; 24(4):2014-2020. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2014-0220. Google Scholar

Boland RA, Adams RD. Effects of ankle dorsiflexion on range and reliability of straight leg raising. Aust J Physiother. 2000;46(3):191-200. doi: 10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60328-7. Google Scholar

Kendall F, McCreary E, Rodgers M, Provance P, Romani W. Muscles: Testing and function with posture and pain. 5th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. Google Scholar

Davis DS, Quinn RO, Whiteman CT, Williams JD, Young CR. Concurrent validity of four clinical tests used to measure hamstring flexibility. J Strength Cond Res. 2008; 2(2):583-588. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816359f2. Google Scholar

Gajdosik RL, Albert CR, Mitman JJ. Influence of hamstring length on the standing position and flexion range of motion of the pelvic angle, lumbar angle, and thoracic angle. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1994;20(4):213–219. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1994.20.4.213. Google Scholar

Muyor JM, López-Miñarro PA, Alacid F. The relationship between hamstring muscle extensibility and spinal postures varies with the degree of knee extension. J Appl Biomech. 2013;29(6):678-686. doi: 10.1123/jab.29.6.678. Google Scholar

López-Miñarro PA, Alacid F. Influence of hamstring muscle extensibility on spinal curvatures in young athletes. Science and Sports. 2010;25(4):188-193. doi: 10.1016/j.scispo.2009.10.004. Google Scholar

Ray T, Webb JW. Flexibility and posture assessment in relation to hamstring injury. Essential Orthopaedics. 2010; 7(4):566-569. doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-5473-3.00134-9. Google Scholar

Sadler SG, Spink MJ, Ho A, De Jonge XJ, Chuter VH. Restriction in lateral bending range of motion, lumbar lordosis, and hamstring flexibility predicts the development of low back pain: A systematic review of prospective cohort studies. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017;18(1):179. doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1534-0. Google Scholar

Piva SR, Goodnite EA, Childs JD.Strength around the hip and flexibility of soft tissues in individuals with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005;35(12):793-801. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2005.35.12.793. Google Scholar

Liu H, Garrett WE, Moorman CT, Yu B. Injury rate, mechanism, and risk factors of hamstring strain injuries in sports: A review of the literature. J Sport Health Sci. 2012;1(2):92-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2012.07.003. Google Scholar

Rolls A, George K. The relationship between hamstring muscle injuries and hamstring muscle length in young elite footballers. Phys Ther Sport. 2004;5(4):179-187. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2004.08.005. Google Scholar

Araújo LM, Antoniolli A, Schmit EFD, Candotti CT. Relation between posture and spine and pelvis flexibility: A systematic review. Fisioter Mov. 2018;31:1–11. doi: 10.1590/1980-5918.031.ao40. Google Scholar

Buchtelová E, Tichý M, Vaníková K. Influence of muscular imbalances on pelvic position and lumbar lordosis: A theoretical basis. Journal of Nursing, Social Studies, Public Health and Rehabilitation. 2013;(1-2):25-36. Google Scholar

Feldman D, Shrier I, Rossignol M, Abenhaim L. Adolescent growth is not associated with changes in flexibility. Clin J Sport Med. 1999;9(1):24-29. doi: 10.1097/00042752-199901000-00005. Google Scholar

Kanbur N, Düzgün I, Derman O, Baltaci G. Do sexual maturation stages affect flexibility in adolescent boys aged 14 years? J Sport Med Phys Fitness. 2005;45(1):53-57. Google Scholar