Review and comparison of methods for limiting leakage currents in single-phase transformerless PV inverter topologies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55225/sti.477Słowa kluczowe:
Common Mode (CM) voltage, grid-tied inverter, leakage current, parasitic capacity, photovoltaic (PV) systems, transformerless inverter, Differential Mode (DM) voltageAbstrakt
Transformerless inverters are widely used in different photovoltaic nonisolated ac module applications, mainly in grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) generation systems, due to the benefits of achieving high efficiency over a wide load range, and low cost. Various transformerless inverter topologies have been proposed to meet the safety requirement of low ground leakage currents, such as specified in the VDE-4105 standard and low-output ac-current distortion. Topology modifications of transformerless full bridge inverters are designed to balance and maintain a constant common mode output voltage, thereby eliminating or reducing leakage currents.
This article reviews and compares the different methods for limiting leakage currents in known topologies of the full-bridge transformerless inverters, such as: H4, H5, H6, HERIC, and their improvements. The main topologies and strategies used to reduce the leakage current in transformerless schemes are summarized, highlighting advantages and disadvantages and establishing points of comparison with similar topologies. To compare the properties of different medium to high power inverters, PV inverter topologies were implemented using IGBTs and tested with the same components, same simulation parameters in PSPICE to evaluate their performance in terms of energy efficiency and leakage current characteristics. The detailed power stage operating principles, extended PWM modulator, and integrated universal gate driver with galvanic isolation in the transmission path of control signal for all IGBTs of the inverter, as well isolated and floating bias power supply for gate drivers are described.
Statystyka pobrań
Bibliografia
Kjaer SB, Pedersen JK, Blaabjerg F. A review of single-phasegrid-connected inverters for photovoltaic modules. IEEE Transactions Industry Applications. 2005;41(5): 1292–1306. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/TIA.2005.853371. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2005.853371 Google Scholar
Gubía E, Sanchis P, Ursúa A, López J, Marroyo L. Ground currents in single-phase transformerless photovoltaic systems. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications. 2007;15(7): 629–650. https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.761. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.761 Google Scholar
Raj CM, Lade H. An overview of 1-phase transformerless HERIC inverter topology for standalone system. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development. 2016;3(12):83–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21090/IJAERD.031217 Google Scholar
Li W, Gu Y, Luo H, Cui W, He X, Xia C. Topology review and derivation methodology of single-phase transformerless photovoltaic inverters for leakage current suppression. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2015;62(7):4537-4551. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2015.2399278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2015.2399278 Google Scholar
Zhang L, Sun K, Xing Y, Xing M. H6 transformerless full-bridge pv grid-tied inverters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2014;29(3):1229-1238. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2260178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2260178 Google Scholar
Kerekes T, Teodorescu R, Rodríguez P, Vázquez G, Aldabas E. A new high-efficiency single-phase transformerless PV inverter topology. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2011;58(1):184-191. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL. 2009.2024092. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2009.2024092 Google Scholar
Cui W, Yang B, Zhao Y, Li W, He X. A novel single-phase transformerless grid-connected inverter. In: Proceedings: IECON 2011 – 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE; 2011. p. 1126–1130. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/IECON10871.2011 Google Scholar
Yu W, Lai J-SJ, Qian H, Hutchens C. High-efficiency MOSFET inverter with H6-type configuration for photovoltaic nonisolated AC-module applications. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2011;26(4):1253–1260. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2010.2071402. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2010.2071402 Google Scholar
González R, López J, Sanchis P, Marroyo L. Transformerless inverter for single-phase photovoltaic systems”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2007;22(2):693–697. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2007.892120 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2007.892120 Google Scholar
Araújo SV, Zacharias P, Mallwitz R. Highly efficient single-phase transformerless inverters for grid-connected photovoltaic systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2010;57(9):3118–3128. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2009.2037654. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2009.2037654 Google Scholar
Farswan RS, Fernandes BG. A low cost high reliable hybrid switch single phase grid-tied inverter. In: Proceedings: IECON 2014 – 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE; 2014. p. 1048–1052. https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2014.7048631. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2014.7048631 Google Scholar
Raj CM, Lade H. Different type of inverter topologies for PV transformerless standalone system. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research. 2016;3(12):1–9. Available from: http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1612001.pdf. Google Scholar
John J. Implementation of a novel transformerless inverter topology for PV application. International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology. 2017;8(2):301–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.21172/1.82.040. Google Scholar
IEC 60755 Standard. Google Scholar
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – Part 3.2: Limits – Limits for Harmonic Current Emissions (Equipment Input Current Under 16 A Per Phase), EN 61000-3-2, 2006. Google Scholar
Lopez O, Teodorescu R, Freijedo F, Doval-Gandoy J. Leakage current evaluation of a single-phase transformerless PV inverter connected to the grid. In: APEC 07 – Twenty-Second Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE; 2007. p. 907–912. https://doi.org/10.1109/APEX.2007.357623. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/APEX.2007.357623 Google Scholar
Sundar DJ, Kumaran MS. Common mode behavior in grid connected DC and AC decoupled PV inverter topologies. Archives of Electrical Engineering. 2016;65(3):481–493. https://doi.org/10.1515/aee-2016-0035. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/aee-2016-0035 Google Scholar
Sree KT, Rajesh B. Analysis of single-phase transformerless inverter for hybrid renewable energy sources. Journal of Critical Reviews. 2020;7(4):3975–3987. Google Scholar
López O, Freijedo FD, Yepes A, Fernández-Comesaña P, Malvar J, Teodorescu R, Doval-Gandoy J. Eliminating ground current in a transformerless photovoltaic application. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2010;25(1):140–147. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2009.2037810. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2009.2037810 Google Scholar
Gonzalez R, Gubia E, Lopez J, Marroyo L. Transformerless singlephase multilevel-based photovoltaic inverter. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2008;55(7): 2694–2702. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2008.924015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2008.924015 Google Scholar
Nielsen K. Audio Power Amplifier Techniques with Energy Efficient Power Conversion. [doctoral dissertation]. Kongens Lyngby: Technical University of Denmark; 1998. Google Scholar
Kołodziejski W, Kuta SW, Jasielski J. Open-loop class-BD audio amplifiers with balanced common mode output. Electronics. 2021;10(12):1381. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121381. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121381 Google Scholar
Xiao H, Xie S, Chen Y, Huang R. An optimized transformerless photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2011;58(5):1887–1893. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2010.2054056. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2010.2054056 Google Scholar
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Jak cytować
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2023 Wojciech Kołodziejski, Jacek Jasielski, Stanisław W. Kuta, Grzegorz Szerszeń, Witold Machowski
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Na tych samych warunkach 4.0 Miedzynarodowe.