Dynamics of changes and sexual dimorphism in dynamometric strength of stronger hand based on Cracow Longitudinal Growth Study

2025-12-22T11:23:29+01:00

The aim of this study was to analyse 18-year changes in dominant handgrip strength and assess sexual dimorphism in this trait among a group of participants from the Cracow Longitudinal Growth Study (KLGS) born between 1970 and 1972. The study was conducted twice—in 2004 (age 32–34) and in 2022 (age 50–52)—among a group of 84 participants (35 women and 49 men).
Handgrip strength was measured using the JAMAR dynamometer, and basic somatic characteristics were also calculated: body mass, body height, BMI (Body Mass Index) and upper limb circumference. The degree of sexual dimorphism was determined using the Mollison Index.
The results showed a significant decrease in mean gripstrength over the 18-year period—by nearly 3 kG in women and over 4 kG in men—with a simultaneous increase in body mass and BMI in both groups. High stability of individual differences in grip strength was found (r ≈ 0.65), meaning that individuals who were stronger at age 32 remained relatively stronger at age 50. Sexual dimorphism, while still evident, was slightly weakened. In women at age 50, the best correlate of grip strength was forearm circumference, while in men, it was body height.
The obtained results confirm that handgrip strength is a stable indicator of strength potential in adulthood, and its decline is a natural part of the aging process. The relationships between strength and somatic characteristics change with age and differ among women and men.

Analysis of the effect of camelina oil on the skin after a single use

2025-12-22T11:23:31+01:00

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single application of Camelina sativa oil (also known as false flax oil) on selected skin properties of the medial forearm, including skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and elasticity. The study involved 20 healthy women aged 22–26 years. Skin parameters were assessed four times: at baseline, after inducing a model disruption of the skin barrier using the tape stripping method, and then 1 hour after application of the tested oil on both disrupted and intact skin. Specialized, scientifically certified devices were used, including a corneometer, tewameter, cutometer, and indentometer.
A significant increase in skin hydration was observed following oil application, both on disrupted and intact skin. No effect of Camelina sativa oil on skin barrier function (TEWL) or on elasticity parameters measured with cutometry and indentometry was observed.
The results confirm that camelina oil exhibits rapid moisturizing effects. No reduction in TEWL was observed, suggesting that the tested oil behaves similarly to drying oils. The lack of effect on other biomechanical skin properties after a single application does not rule out potential effects during prolonged use, which would require empirical confirmation in further studies.

Health Promotion & Physical Activity

Dynamics of changes and sexual dimorphism in dynamometric strength of stronger hand based on Cracow Longitudinal Growth Study

Analysis of the effect of camelina oil on the skin after a single use